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Vaccination of cattle with a high dose of BCG vaccine 3 weeks after experimental infection with Mycobacterium bovis increased the inflammatory response, but not tuberculous pathology
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tube.2016.05.004
Publication stage: In Press Accepted Manuscript
xA study was undertaken to determine whether BCG vaccination of cattle post-challenge could have an effect on a very early Mycobacterium bovis infection. Three groups of calves (n=12/group) were challenged endobronchially with M. bovis and slaughtered 13 weeks later to examine for tuberculous lesions. One group had been vaccinated prophylactically with BCG Danish vaccine 21 weeks prior to challenge; a second group was vaccinated with a 4-fold higher dose of BCG Danish 3 weeks post-challenge and the third group, remained non-vaccinated.
Genetic diversity of immune-related antigens in Region of Difference 2 of Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tube.2016.05.002
Publication stage: In Press Uncorrected Proof
xRegion of Difference 2 (RD2) was lost during the ongoing propagation of BCG between 1927 and 1931, a time that coincides with reports of the ongoing attenuation of the vaccine. Some data demonstrate that RD2 plays a role in mycobacterial virulence, and that its deletion from Mycobacterium tuberculosis leads to a decrease in bacterial growth in both a macrophage and a murine model. Human T-cell epitopes of M. tuberculosis are evolutionarily hyperconserved and thus it was deduced that M. tuberculosis lacks antigenic variation and immune evasion.
A comparative analysis of the DNA recombination repair pathway in mycobacterial genomes
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tube.2016.04.011
Publication stage: In Press Uncorrected Proof
xIn prokaryotes, repair by homologous recombination provides a major means to reinstate the genetic information lost in DNA damage. Recombination repair pathway in mycobacteria has multiple differences as compared to that in Escherichia. coli. Of about 20 proteins known to be involved in the pathway, a set of 9 proteins, namely, RecF, RecO, RecR, RecA, SSBa, RuvA, RuvB and RuvC was found to be indispensable among the 43 mycobacterial strains. A domain level analysis indicated that most domains involved in recombination repair are unique to these proteins and are present as single copies in the genomes.
Evaluation of IL-2, IL-10, IL-17 and IP-10 as potent discriminative markers for active tuberculosis among pulmonary tuberculosis suspects
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tube.2016.04.009
Publication stage: In Press Uncorrected Proof
xAlthough interferon gamma release assays (IGRAs) are useful for specifically detecting Mycobacterium tuberculosis, they are limited by their inability to differentiate between active tuberculosis (active TB), latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI), and patients with prior TB infection. The purpose of this study was to rapidly and accurately identify active TB patients among patients with suspected respiratory TB by combining interferon-gamma (IFN-) with additional cytokines.
Vaccines to prevent tuberculosis infection rather than disease: Physiological and immunological aspects
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tube.2014.10.008
Publication stage: In Press Corrected Proof
xThere is increasing enthusiasm and optimism that a vaccine could be developed that prevents infection rather than disease. In this article I discuss the fact that despite this optimism nothing has been produced so far that seems to have this capability, and moreover even the borderline between when infection ends and disease begins has not even been defined. To be effective such a vaccine, or at least the immunity it would generate, would have to work within the confines of the pulmonary physiological systems, which are complex.